Dharka ayaa diidaya fiber-ka hore ee oksaydhka leh oo leh iska caabin heerkul sare oo heer sare ah iyo aramid leh awood sare oo heer sare ah, caaryada sare, iska caabinta heerkulka sare iyo xidhashada caabbinta, isku dhafan si waafaqsan qayb gaar ah. Ka gudub faa'iido darrada labadan fiber. Faa'iidooyinka labada fiilooyinka ayaa la keenayaa ciyaarta.
Fasalka dib u dhigista ololka: Dhibaatada tilmaan-bixiyahan waa wareegga xariirta hore ee oksayjiinta iyo aramidka. Alaabooyinka ololka ah waxay labbistaan soosaarayaasha maro dab-damiska ah ka dib markii la hirgeliyay wax badan, qaabeynta iyo tignoolajiyada ayaa si weyn loo beddelay, si heerka wareegga iyo tayada dunta si weyn loo wanaajiyey, wareeggawarshada waraaqaha aramidheerka uu gaaray in ka badan 80%. Ka dib markii ay tijaabisay hay'adda xoogga weyn ee xoogga leh, tilmaamayaasha dharku waxay gaareen shuruudaha caadiga ah, waxaa laga samayn karaa heerkul sare oo u adkaysta, kuleylka kuleylka, dharka ilaalinta ololka. Dharka ma aha oo kaliya inuu leeyahay xoog aad u fiican, xirto iska caabin, iyo olol aad u fiican, caabbinta heerkulka sare, caabbinta shucaaca kulaylka, ilaa inta qiimaha soo dejinta ee nooc la mid ah 1113, waxaa jira rajooyin aad u fiican ee hawlgalka. Dharkan waxaa caddeeyey dadka isticmaala si ay u xukumaan xaqiiqda, deegaanka ee dharka ilaalinta UV, shucaaca heerkulka sare, heerkulka sare ee dhibcaha dhalaalka, ololka gubanaya iyo wixii la mid ah. Dharka ayaa leh iska caabin heerkul sare ah, kuleylka kulaylka, ololka dib u celinta maro isku dhafan oo kala duwan ayaa wanaagsan, xoog sare iyo awoodda xukunka joogtada ah ayaa yaraatay.warshada waraaqaha aramid
2 Kala-soocidda kaaliyaha maro dab-demiska ah oo sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo: noocyo kala duwan oo dab-dejin ah, hababka kala-soocidda ayaa sidoo kale kala duwan. Sida laga soo xigtay canaasiirta ololka, waxa loo qaybin karaa retardante olol halogenated, fosfooraska holac retardant, nitrogen olol retardant, iwm. Sida laga soo xigtay isticmaalka ololka retardant iyo polymer ee foomka, loo qaybiyey in lagu daro nooca iyo nooca falcelinta; Marka loo eego cimri dhererka marada ololka, waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex nooc: wakiilka dhamaystirka ololka aan raagayn, wakiilka dhamaystirka dab-demiska ee nus- raagaya iyo wakiilka dhamaystirka dab-demiska. Sida laga soo xigtay nooca xarunta waxa loo qaybin karaa retardant olol inorganic iyo olol retardant organic. Kuwan soo socda ayaa inta badan soo bandhigaya dharka shaqada ee dab-dejiya oo lagu kala saaray labadii hab ee ugu dambeeyay.
1.1 Kala soocida adkeysiga dharkawarshada waraaqaha aramid
1) Wakiilka dhamaystirka dib u dhigista ololka ee aan raagayn: sidoo kale loo yaqaan wakiilka dhamaystirka ololka ku meel gaadhka ah, badankoodu waa biyo-milmi (ama emulsion) cusbada aan organic ahayn. Dab-damisku wuxuu ku milmaa biyaha, dharkana waxaa la isticmaali karaa ka dib marka la dhuuqo oo la qalajiyo. Waxa kale oo jira qubays laba jibbaaran, qubeyska labaad oo leh ammonia ama dambaska soodhaha, si ay oksaydhka ugu shubto marada. Habkani waa mid sahlan oo raqiis ah, laakiin dareenka dharku waa mid liidata, iyo saamaynta ololka ololka ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacaya ka dib marka la dhaqo. Badanaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa dharka ilaalinta la tuuri karo.
(2) Wakiilka dhammaystirka dib-u-dejinta ololka ee nus- raagaya: dharka dab-demiska ee lagu daweeyo habkan waxaa si tartiib ah loo dhaqi karaa 1 ~ 10 jeer, laakiin aan u adkeysaneynin dhaqidda saabuunta heerkulka sare. Habka waxaa ka mid ah habka phosphoric acid urea (sida badan loo yaqaan habka Banflam), habka fosfatetada kaadida, ammonium phosphate - methyl acetate habka xalinta isku dhafan.
(3) Wakiilka dhamaystirka ololka-dib-u-joogista: Habka kiimikaad waxaa loo isticmaalaa polymerization ama uumi dusha gudaha ee fiber-ka si loo sameeyo polymer-ka biyaha-aan-milmi karin, caabbinta dhaqidda ayaa guud ahaan loo baahan yahay in ka badan 30 jeer. Hababka ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah habka Ciba (CP) iyo habka Proban. Habka CP waxaa abuuray Shirkadda Ciba, Switzerland. Nidaamku waa sahlan yahay in la hirgeliyo, saameynta ololka-celinta waa mid cajiib ah. Khasaaradu waxay tahay in luminta xoogga dharka ay ka weyn tahay iyo saameynta waxqabadka dharka ay ka weyn tahay. Habka Proban waxaa la abuuray by British Aubry Wilson Co., LTD., Habkan dhammeeyey dharka, saamaynta ololka waa wanaagsan yahay, gaar ahaan ka dib markii daawaynta dhar dareemo iyo dayactirka xooggan waa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin hab kasta oo kale dhamaystirka, laakiin habkani waa ka sii khatar ah. wasakheynta deegaanka ee halista ah, sidaa darteed dhiirrigelinta ayaa xaddidan.
2.2 Kala soocida dab-celiyayaasha nooca ka kooban
(1) Dib-u-celinta ololka aan Organic: Dab-dejinta ololka aan Organic-ga ahayn waa doorka ugu weyn ee nuugista kulaylka, noocyada ugu muhiimsan waxay leeyihiin bakteeriyada deodorant aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, fosfooraska cas, antimony oxide, molybdenum oxide, ammonia molybdate, zinc borate, zinc oxide, zirconia , zirconia, zirconia, iwm, kuwaas oo leh aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, fosfooraska cas, oksijiinta antimony ayaa ah tan ugu ballaaran ee loo isticmaalo, gaar ahaan aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide kaliya ma ciyaari karto saameynta ololka, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ciyaari kartaa si loo buuxiyo ficilka. Waxay leeyihiin sifooyinka xasilloonida kulaylka wanaagsan, waxtarka sare leh, xakamaynta qiiqa, caabbinta faleebada, buuxinta badbaadada, asal ahaan wax wasakh ah oo deegaanka ah iyo qiimo jaban, iwm. Laakin maro dhaqida dab-damiska dab-demiska ee aan orgaaniga ahayn waa liidata, tani waa sababta oo ah ololka aan organic-ga ahayn ayaa leh polarity xoog leh iyo biyo-bax, iyo ku habboonaanta dharka aan tiirarka ahayn waa mid liidata. Isla mar ahaantaana, si loo daboolo shuruudaha dib-u-celinta ololka ee loo qoondeeyay, dab-demiska dabka aan dabiiciga ahayn ayaa lagu daraa xaddi badan, taas oo saameyn weyn ku leh sifooyinka farsamada iyo sifooyinka qalabka. Sidaa darteed, sannadihii la soo dhaafay, cilmi-baarista ku saabsan hagaajinta iyo ka-hortagga dab-demiska caadiga ah ee dab-demiska ayaa helay dareen aan horay loo arag. Intaa waxaa dheer, si loo yareeyo qadarka dab-demiska oo leh saameyn isku mid ah oo ololka, sidoo kale waa jihada cilmi-baarista ee ololka ololka sannadihii la soo dhaafay si loo isku daro ololka ololka iyo barashada saameynta isku-dhafka ah ee ololka.
(2) Dib-u-celinta ololka dabiiciga ah: Dab-bakhiyeyaasha ololka organic waxay u qaybsan yihiin taxane fosfooraska iyo taxane halogen. Midda hore aad bay u xaddidan tahay isticmaalkeeda. Dib-u-celinta ololka halogenated ayaa inta badan ka mid ah koloriin iyo bromine. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta dib-u-kicinta ololka koloriinta ayaa aad uga xun kuwa ololka bromine, sababtoo ah ma fududa in la soo saaro koox koloriin ah oo bilaash ah. Ka-hortagga laalaabka iyo dharka aan birta lahayn, marka lagu daro, sababtoo ah daxalka iyo sunta bromide ka dib burburka kulaylka waa mid yar, sidaas darteed qadar yar oo isticmaalka ayaa gaari kara saameyn isku mid ah oo ololka ah sida chloride. Markaa dabaysha dab-damiska ee boodhka leh ayaa aad u badan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka laga eego aragtida isticmaalka guud, sababtoo ah cilladaha dab-demiska dabka halogenated, oo ay ku jiraan aashitada halogenated ee alaabadooda burbursan, qiiq weyn iyo waxyeello u leh jidhka bini'aadamka, waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu beddelaa olol kale oo aan dabiici ahayn iyo maro dab-damis ah. wax lagu daro.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-29-2023